Comparison of 3D scanning versus traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for the fabrication of orthoses: a systematic review

Table 3 Quality criteria for study outcomes for COSMIN. Based on Terwee et al. [29]

Property	Rating	Outcome Quality Criteria
Criterion validity	+	Convincing arguments that criterion standard is “gold” AND correlation OR ICC with criterion standard ≥0.70.
	?	No convincing arguments that gold standard is “gold” OR no correlations OR ICC have been calculated.
	–	Correlation OR ICC with criterion standard < 0.70, despite adequate design and method.
Reliability (intra-rater, inter-rater)	+	ICC or weighted Kappa ≥0.70 OR Pearson γ or Spearman ρ ≥ 0.80 with evidence provided that no systematic change has occurred.
	?	No ICC, weighted Kappa, Pearson γ or Spearman ρ is determined OR doubtful design^a.
	–	ICC or weighted Kappa < 0.70 OR Pearson γ or Spearman ρ < 0.80, despite adequate design and method.
Measurement error	+	SEM < SDC OR SEM outside the LOA
	?	SEM is not defined OR doubtful design^a.
	–	SEM ≥ SDC OR SEM equal or inside the LOA

Abbreviation: ICC intraclass correlation coefficient, SEM standard error of measurement, SDC smallest detectable change, LOA limits of agreement
^aDoubtful design = any essential weakness in design or execution of the study

ISSN: 1757-1146