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Table 2 GRADE evidence profile

From: Comparison of 3D scanning versus traditional methods of capturing foot and ankle morphology for the fabrication of orthoses: a systematic review

Certainty assessment № of patients Effect Certainty Importance
№ of studies Study design Risk of bias Inconsistency Indirectness Imprecision Other considerations 3D scanning traditional methods Relative
(95% CI) 		Absolute
(95% CI) 		  
Forefoot width
 [23,24,25, 27] observational studies not serious seriousa,b not serious not serious none 203 203 – not estimable ⨁◯◯◯
VERY LOW 		IMPORTANT
Rearfoot width
 [23,24,25, 27] observational studies not serious seriousa, c not serious seriousb none 203 203 – not estimable ⨁◯◯◯
VERY LOW 		IMPORTANT
Arch height (medial)
 [23, 24, 27] observational studies not serious serious a, c not serious seriousb none 73 73 – not estimable ⨁◯◯◯
VERY LOW 		IMPORTANT
Time spent to cast or scan for foot and ankle (min)
 [26] randomised trials not serious not serious not serious seriousb none 64 70 – MD 1.33 min higher
(0.4 lower to 3.1 higher) 		⨁⨁⨁◯
MODERATE 		CRITICAL
Time spent to cast or scan for foot (min)
 [28] observational studies very seriousd,e not serious not serious very seriousf none 1 1 – not estimable ⨁◯◯◯
VERY LOW 		IMPORTANT
  1. CI Confidence interval, MD Mean difference
  2. Explanations
  3. aLarge variation in effect. Some suggest 3D scanning, while some for plaster casting
  4. bWide 95% CI value which includes favours of both 3D scanning and plaster casting
  5. cPHigh I-squared value
  6. dNo description of randomization and lack of blinding
  7. ePA very small sample size
  8. fVery few events and no reports of CIs
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146